English Translation
of Karl Christian Friedrich Krause's Book
Die drei ältesten Kunsturkunden der Freimaurerbrüderschaft
(The Three Oldest Craft Records of the Masonic Fraternity)
(Translated by Bro. Vincent Lombardo)
![]()
Bitte beachten Sie: diese Seite ist optimiert für die Darstellung in Google Chrome (Zoomfaktor 150%).
Please note: this page is best viewed in Google Chrome (zoomed to 150%)
=CXXXVI= → Guide to the Translation
IV.
Translator's Note: In this page the notes expressed with numbers 121) to 171), due to their length, are linked to a separate Notes Page, accessible by clicking on the number so displayed.
Original Spiritualization of the Basic Teaching Signs. 121)(Basic Symbols) of the traditional Freemasonry.
39) Question. What of the symbolic teaching art (of the symbolism) of the Masonic Fraternity is most important? Answer. The basic symbols of Freemasonry. 40) Q. What is a symbol? A. A sign, a) which reminds of a teaching, that is, of a specific knowledge, while through the comparison of its own nature with the peculiar nature of another object in turn consciously evokes (prompts) in the former the historical notion (intuition) of the latter. This comparison of the sign with the object referred to is conditioned, and is possible, by the inner similarity of both, that is, by the sameness of structure of the peculiar nature of both. Hence, this mutual similarity (analogy) of the sign and of the object referred to, is the condition that denote the former, and can in turn evoke (induce) thereby the idea (intuition) of the object referred to; 122) =CXXXIX= and the full essence (completion) of this similarity between the sign and the object referred to is, therefore, also condition 123) of the completeness of a symbol. a) =CXXXX= a) Consequently appear the words: comparative sign, likeness-holding sign, sign of similarity [Vergleichzeichen, Verhaltgleichzeichen, Ähnlichkeitzeichen], or short and linguistically pure: Ähnzeichen [sign of similarity], that can even better be used for the word: symbol; and also the Greek: συμβολον, (compare II, p.359, note a)!) translated literally, means, a similarity, [the like, that which can be compared], from ςυμβαλλειν in the meaning of: to compare. For the above catechism, however, according to the purpose of this sign, it seemed to me usable the name: Lehrzeichen [teaching symbol], according to which "doctrines" should come to mind. 41) Q. What is a Masonic or Freemasonic basic symbol? A. If we evaluate the Masonic symbol according to the eternal original concept which lies at the foundation of Masonry, then it is just one such a basic teaching sign, which and inasmuch as it represents only one first-essential a) part of the primal life of humanity. In the traditional Masonic symbolism can now be found several teaching signs which, in this sense, deserve the name: Basic Teaching Symbols, because they, according to the interpretation with words of ordinary vernacular which is attached to them in the second Craft document, refer to "first-essential" part of the life of mankind, and those Masonic basic teaching signs, contained in the second oldest Craft document in particular, form in their own way a self-contained whole. 124) =CXXXXI= * 42) Q. Which are these Basic Symbols of Masonry or Freemasonry handed down in the second oldest Craft document? A. Three greater lights a) in Freemasonry, three lesser lights b) in Freemasonry, the elongated rectangular quadrangle, three great pillars, and the cloudy, celestial canopy of divers colours 125) b) In short: three greater lights and three lesser lights. 43) Q. In the oldest catechism, is one of these symbols held as quintessential and most important, that is, declared as the principal symbol? A. Yes, the symbol of the three greater lights. 126) 44) Q. What are these three greater lights? A. Because these are only symbols, as such, in the second Craft document they are not expressed in words, but rather symbolized anew, that is, suggested in a symbolization of the symbol. 45) Q. What is the symbol of the symbol, by which is implied the symbol of the three greater lights? A. The Bible, the Square, and the Compasses 127) =CXXXXIII= 46) Q. Where the symbol of the three greater lights is documentarily declared as the Principal Symbol? A. It is asserted in the first three questions of the second Craft document that in the lodge, Masonry or Freemasonry, as a secret, 128) that is, symbolically, is situated between the questioning master and the questioned brother: but then there, according to the ritual clearly defined in the second Craft document, between both brethren lies only the Bible, the Square and the Compasses, and these are then first revealed also to the newly admitted [Initiate], after he has wished to obtain light, and as soon as the blindfold is taken away from his eyes; and at the same time this is accompanied by an verbal explanation, 129) the content of which proves that the authors of the Masonic symbolism set up these three Greater Lights as the Principal Teaching Symbol. 47) Q. How reads this explanation of the Bible, Square and Compasses which and to the extent it symbolically informs on the three Greater Lights of Masonry or Freemasonry? A. The Bible is to govern and to guide our faith; 130) the Square is to render our actions lawful; the compasses to keep us interconnected within due bounds 132) with all mankind, but in particular with every brother. 131) =CXXXXIV= 48) Q. What is then understood here by: Lights, and what does the word: great designates in regard to these lights? A. In metaphorical teaching Lights designate: essential Knowledge, vividly realized truths, namely, according to the cited documentary explanation, those essential truths (nature's Revelations) which, if we apply them to us, are required "to guide and to govern our faith, to render our actions lawful, and to keep us within due (proper, according to nature) bounds with all people, but especially with our brethren." But for these essential insights to achieve that which is demanded in the document [das urkundlich Geforderte], so they must be universal, original-essential a) and of eternal-essential truths of reason, that is, eternal insights or original concepts (ideas); and probably for that very reason they have been called by the founders of this ritualism greater, b) that is, first-essential. =CXXXXV= * b) Great is a finite thing, or a characteristic [Endwesenheit], provided they are essential [of nature, existing] in original-finite (completed) boundaries. [See my Fundamentals of Arithmetic, Part 2 (Jena and Leipzig, 1804) pp. 19 et seq., 33 et seq., and: my and Fischer's Textbook of Combination Doctrine and Arithmetic, (Dresden, by Arnold, 1812), p. LIV and p. 78; and Tagblatt No. 12!] — Consequently, under the vernacular "great" is meant, in the variable (topical) sense: of substance, complete, perfect in its kind, especially important or useful. 49) Q. What are the original concepts (ideas) that are metaphorically called Three Greater Lights in Freemasonry? A. The original concepts of: God, Man, and Mankind; 133) Ideas 134) which on the part of the cognitive faculty substantiate the complete formation of the life of humanity. 135) Because the knowledge of God is the intrinsic condition of the life-unity of God and of humanity (Life Unity with God), a) of which in turn Faith b) is an intrinsic essential part; =CXXXXVI= but the knowledge of the original concept of Man is essential in order to arrive at the knowledge of the pure goodness (the pure morality) and to the pure moral art of living; and the original concept: "Humanity", finally, which also holds in itself the original concepts of Life of Mankind and of Human Alliance, establishes in spirit that intimacy-with-humanity and intimacy-with-the Human Alliance disposition, by which we unite ourselves with our fellow-men in justice and in love 136) for the sake of Goodness, that is, for Goodwill, =CXXXXVII= and by which someday even the people of this earth, united in the Human Alliance, can perfect the life of mankind on earth in the original peculiarity. But first every single human being is to recognize God, then himself and humanity in God, and himself in humanity. These three insights are in their union essential to the consummation of mankind's existence, or, so to metaphorically speak with our document, with united glow they illuminate Humanity in its whole existence, the individual people and all associations of people (moral persons), 137) the married, =CXXXXVIII= the friends, the free companionship, 138) the tribes, nations and association of nations, the religious order, the legal order, the self-development order, the alliance of science and of the arts, and the Human Alliance. 139) b) The word: faith means (concurrent with that which I have said about it in II, p. 395,) according to reason the in-God-founded general, essential-eternal understanding in the scientific knowledge of God and of all finite beings: [understanding] that holds sway even in the independent existence of the spiritual nature (of reason), of the physical nature (of nature), of the human nature (of mankind) in general, and on this earth in particular, down to the smallest, indivisible individual part, and supremely throughout the whole One existence of God, God itself in wisdom, goodness, love, justice, and beauty, already through the likeness to God that is primal and eternally derived from all finite beings, but also conducting individual and interactive original-free existence; however much the sight of the nature-adverse (evil) seem to fight against the ground of this confidence, and however much our earthly shortsightedness on so limited theater of life might favor the conflicting delusion. Out of which it is clear, that the genuine, rational faith is possible and attainable only in the contemplation of nature, and through the contemplation of nature trained in a scientific organized system. 50) Q. How, then, does the Freemason and every person, to whom these three greater lights shone, strive to live and to be? A. In intimacy with God, in himself (in his own peculiar nature, personal, individual), and accomplished as a healthy, harmonious member of mankind. 140) 51) Q. Why did the founders of this Masonic symbolism set up the Bible as sign (symbol) of the first greater Light? A. Because they, as Christians, acknowledged the Bible, especially the Bible's New Testament 141) as textbook of Life Unity with God, that is, of religiosity, and in particular because they found in the teachings of Jesus the eternal truths: of the equality of all human beings as children of God before God, of the pure universal human love, which includes friend and foe and all nations, and of the imitation of God in godlike disposition; 142) and because of Jesus' teaching =CXXXXIX= of the kingdom of God within us, 143) and of the worship of God in spirit and in act, 144) consistent with the teaching of the God-loving, God-like and in-God-united humanity, which also the founders of our Order and of its symbolism and customs, in pious inkling of the mind, envisioned as a basic concept of Masonry and of the Masonic Order, and at all times the spiritual bond of the Masonic Order has endured for those prepared in the spirit and the in heart. But that the founders of Masonic customs, the Culdees, really recognized the Bible as textbook of religion, and that they set it up in the sense just indicated as symbol of the first greater light, is especially proved by the oldest, authentic traditional prayer before the Admission [Initiation], 145) and then by the explicit declaration of the second Craft document: "that the lodge lies from East to West on that account, because the Gospel has been spread from East to West." 146) 52) Q. Why the Original Concept of Man, which guides men in their own life formation (self-perfection), is symbolized by the Square? A. Because the square is considered an appropriate old metaphor of the law, and because it is an essential intrinsic condition of the inner perfection of man, =CL= in that he immutably follows the moral law, that is, the principle to want the Good purely and freely. 53) Q. Why the original concept of Humanity, which determines our whole social life and conduct, is symbolized by the Compasses? 147) A. Because by means of the compasses, the right dimensions and relations are applied to each structure, so that the proper shape and size is allocated to every part, and thereby also to the whole, so that all parts of the building, in proper precise dimensions, well-ordered, and in appropriate demarcation and conjunction, in, with, and through each other, make up a solid, functional, and beautiful whole: and in a similar manner all men ought to be united in a ever greater whole, and supremely in One humanity in intimacy with God, pure goodness, justice and love. 148) 54) Q. How then the documentary explanation of the Bible, of the Square and of the Compasses as the symbol of the three greater lights, proves that the originators of the Masonic Symbolism have set these symbols as the main symbols? A. Because intimacy with God [religiosity], pure moral and social formation of the individual and of humanity, are first-essential parts of the life of mankind, which are to be accomplished in the Human Alliance; 149) and because the teachings, which the remaining Basic symbols, as well as all Secondary symbols suggest, contain inner subordinate parts of these three Basic teachings, which are symbolized in the Main symbols. 150) =CLI= 55) Q. What then is the next basic symbol? A. Three Lesser Lights in Freemasonry. 56) Q. By what are they indicated in the lodge ritual? A. By three burning candles. 57) Q. What are these three lesser lights themselves? A. The sun, the moon and the Master Mason. [The Master of the lodge] 58) Q. How are they explained in the second Craft document? A. "The sun rules the day, the moon [rules] the night, and the Master Mason his lodge, or at least it should." 59) Q. How do sun and moon, while ruling the day and night, at the same time also illuminate Freemasonry? A. In that the practice of Freemasonry in the heart and in the whole inner and outer lives of every Freemason and of every society of Freemasons can and should be practiced at all times and in all places of the earth wherever the sun and moon shine. 60) Q. Why have the old-time Masonic brothers chosen the sun and moon for [to represent] the first two smaller lights in Freemasonry? A. Most likely to suggest that Freemasonry should be all over the world so open and loud, so universal and effective, in the manner is the light of the sun and of the moon. 151) 61) Q. Why, yet until now, the Masonic brothers shut themselves out from the light of the sun and of the moon and from the public life when they gather together? A. Concerning this, there is not one reason in the original concept, or in the historical concept of Freemasonry and of the Masonic Fraternity; on the contrary, the eternal nature of the Masonic Order, and its on-them-based determination [Destiny] and practice calls for the exact opposite; =CLII= and wherever the Brethren reach the lucid understanding of the original concept and ideal, as well as of the model of the Fraternity based on this and on exact historical knowledge, and its third main age 152) will begin working, there they will also hold their assemblies publicly, without any concealment, under the light of day, and by the illumination of the Craft at dusk as well as at dawn. — But that hitherto most gatherings of the Fraternity are held in the evening, 153) is most probably due to the fact that, so far, Freemasonry has almost universally been considered and exercised in the Masonic Fraternity, and also during the second age of Fraternity, 154) after it had separated from the fraternities and guilds of architect and builders, 155) only as a secondary matter of life. 62) Q. Why is the Master Mason a) the third lesser light in Freemasonry? A. Because the Mater Mason presides over, should leads, and governs the collective constitution and activity of the lodge in the light of reason, that is, in pure reason according to scientific knowledge, and according to the general collective will of the brethren and with their assistance: because, without the concurrence of the mind and heart, and without social order, because, without the right selection and decorous distribution of the work, and without lawful supervision over the work and the workers, =CLIII= the work of the Masonic Fraternity cannot be, therefore, aside from that, the first two smaller lights would shine on this Building to no avail. 63) Q. Why in Freemasonry the first-mentioned lights are called Greater, but these Lesser? A. Since the former denote the eternal, for the One humanity in God, in all worlds and in infinite time, applicable original concept of: God, Man, and Mankind, so are they rightly called Greater, that is, eternal and first-essential Lights. 156) But the three lesser lights, this sun, this moon, this master of mason, united illuminate only this earth, only this portion of mankind, of which we brothers-Masons are also members. Therefore, because they are, as such, finite in space and time, so they are rightly called Lesser, that is, subordinately-essential Lights. 64) Q. What is the next symbol of the Masonic Fraternity? A. The Elongated Rectangular Quadrangle. 65) Q. What does it denote? A. The form of the lodge, that is, the shape of both each individual association of Freemasons, as well as of the whole Fraternity, as it is now, and will be in its higher formation in the future. 66) Q. Why is every association of Masonic brothers called a Lodge? A. Because our ancestors, who in their times were real Masons, that is, architects and stonemasons, named Lodge the builder's hut 157) they erected near the building site, and transferred this name to the assembly of brothers gathered therein, 158) because they mostly 159) gathered in this hut. =CLIV= 67) Q. How many brethren constitute a lodge? A. Three or more Freemason brethren, who work collectively in Masonic constitution [masonically]. 68) Q. Is there an explicit, truly handed-down explanation of the Elongated Rectangular Quadrangle available? A. Yes, because to the question "what shape has the Lodge?" in the second Craft document is replied: "an elongated rectangular quadrangle, long from east to west, wide between the north and south, high from the earth to the heavens, deep from the surface of the earth to its center." 69) Q. What then, according to the oldest genuine customs, is the scope and extent of the lodge, as the meeting place of the Masonic fraternity? A. The whole earth, wherever people can generally dwell and reside. The habitable land on earth is long and all around possible only from East to West, or from West to East; but it is wide from the south to the north, and accessible only between these two parts of the world, because so far man cannot travel over the poles. The Lodge is said to be high from the earth to the heavens, and deep from its surface to its center, in order to indicate that it comprises the whole earth, and no more bound to the surface of the earth, as man himself. 70) Q. Why are lodges attributed these extensions altogether? A. According to the literal saying of the second Craft document: "because Freemasonry in universal;" 160) and while both the first two extensions =CLV= indicate the universality of Freemasonry for this earth, and the third indicates its universal validity in space, once it in its original and eternal essence is thought stripped of all particularity and appertaining only to this earth and to the mankind of this earth. 71) Q. What then is the next basic symbol of the Masonic fraternity? A. Three great pillars (columns) that support the lodge. 72) Q. What are they? A. Wisdom, strength, and Beauty. 73) Q. Are representations of these pillars made in the lodge? A. Yes; the Master in the East represents the pillar of wisdom, the Senior Overseer [Warden] in the West represents the pillar of strength, the Junior Overseer in the South represents the pillar of beauty 74) Q. Why it is said that these three great pillars support the lodge? A. "Because wisdom, strength and beauty perfect all buildings, and nothing can be executed without them." For wisdom is required to contrive, strength to support and beauty to adorn. 161) 75) Q. How should I understand this in regard to life and to the development of mankind? A. Wisdom, strength, and beauty are essential to the accomplishment of the life of every person, of every association of men, and of all mankind, and are to be constituted in all human activities, in their utterances and deeds. * 76) Q. What is Wisdom? A. Human Wisdom is the enduring, constant characteristic of man, according to which he, freely and independently, determines his contemplation (thought and investigation), his perception (feeling), his will, and his actions (his practicing and performing), pursuant to the detected truths in the system of science; or in other words, man is wise, =CLVI= in that science [practiced] in purely-good disposition, and life-art-pursuant application, is life-effecting. To that, as an essential prerequisite, is required (in the system of the One science formed) knowledge of the original concept and of the ideal, of history, and of the relationship of the (in the original concepts and ideals recognized) eternal Essentials (of the Ideas and of the Ideals) to history, especially to the present. 162) 77) Q. What is Beauty? =CLVII= A. The characteristic of finite things that portray they are, in and within the boundaries of their individual essence (nature), similar to God, and to the organic structure of nature (the structure of the universe) in themselves, as to an original finite similitude. 163) 78) Q. What is Strength? A. Force, which is led, moderated, and kept well through wisdom, and warmed and made fruitful by the love of a pure heart. It is augmented and enhanced by the harmonious interaction of all individual forces which are essential for the completion of the work. The strength of Man, therefore, endures in the uniform, well-proportioned united activity of all its single forces into One Force; and that of mankind in the uniform, well-proportioned unity of life of all its inner individual beings (persons), that is, of all single peoples and of all societies into one associative mankind (in the Societal Mankind).164) =CLVIII= 79) Q. On what is Wisdom founded? A. On Science, 165) that is, on the body of knowledge of nature and of the system of finite beings (the world) in nature, which in unity, reciprocal plurality (connectedness or associated plurality of various individuals) and harmony 166) in the system of knowledge mimics the original-essential and eternal-essential organization of the Being and of the Existence of all finite beings in nature, that is, in God. =CLX= 80) Q. On what is Beauty founded? A. It is founded in the essence of God, as of the One Nature, and in the Godlikeness of the system of nature (of the universe) and of all finite beings in nature; it is in all that is eternal and existent, in the spiritual nature (Reason), in the physical nature (Nature), and in mankind; and Man freely forms it in the works of all the fine arts, as well in the individual life of man and of humanity, =CLXI= provided that that is a work of the fine art of upbringing and education (life-enlivenment and life-formation) and of the whole art of living. 81) Q. On what is the Strength of Man founded? A. On the thriving, complete health of the whole person and on the harmonious equilibrium of all spiritual and physical forces in accordance with his personal individuality, and of the predominant occupations in life founded on it; 167) but especially on the fact, that the spirit with freedom holds sway over the mind, thereby all sentiments and inclinations of man conform with the eternal laws of virtue, of justice, and of love, so that the will is formed, the decision taken, and every action performed, only in this conformity of spirit and mind. 82) Q. And in what consists of the Strength of Mankind? A. In the uniform inner perfection of all its inner individuals (people) and works, in its just and heartfelt coexistence into One greatest Human Being on earth: so that at the time of maturity of the human existence, united into One Human Alliance, man and woman, child, adolescent and aged, the gentle and the severe and the evenly-minded of inclination (Character), that scientist and artist, that the religious order, the virtue order, the legal order, the self-development order, that the individuals, families, friends, tribes and nations all over the world take equally important and equally beautiful share in the life and in the building of the whole humanity. 83) Q. Why is it said that the lodge is supported by the three great pillars, Wisdom, Strength, and Beauty? A. Because wisdom, strength, and beauty, which are attained through science, life practice and art, are essential parts of the destiny of humanity; as without them man and mankind cannot live, nor could they develop; therefore, without them the development of the life of humanity would have to immediately come to a standstill. Consequently, wisdom, strength and beauty are also essential parts of the intellectual foundation of Freemasonry, and of the Masonic fraternity, which should work on the humaneness of its members. 168), in accordance with its presently found historical concept. =CLXII= 84) Q. What is required, for the three great pillars to actually support the lodge? A. That wisdom, strength, and beauty establish and maintain the constitution of the fraternity, which, in accordance with wisdom itself, is organized lawfully and in fervent love, according to which constitution all brethren constitute on earth One Lodge (One Masonry); and that the three Great Pillars are truly represented by the three main officers of the lodge. 85) Q. How does this take place? A. Because the Master leads the lodge in wisdom, especially when he instructs the workers properly and hires them according to their abilities, so that they carry out their work in a noble style and in good conformity; and when the two Overseers, themselves with strength and beauty, carefully keep watch with strength and beauty over both the workers and the work. 86) Q. What is the next basic Symbol of the Masonic fraternity? A. The next and last traditional basic symbol of the Masonic fraternity is the cloudy celestial canopy that covers the lodge. 87) Q. To what does it allude? A. To the atmosphere of the whole earth; to indicate that Freemasonry should and can be practiced in every climate and at all seasons, and that first of all it alludes to the training of the life of mankind of this earth, insofar as this is with God's help possible through the own inner forces of mankind. 88) Q. What then is the place where, according to the ancient tradition of the Craft, the Masonic Lodge is to be held? A. The whole earth 89) Q. And who is to hold the Masonic Lodge on earth? A. As the oldest Craft documents teach, that Masonry is universal, 169) =CLXIII= that the lodge has extensions encompassing the whole earth, 170) and that it is covered by the atmosphere of the earth, it is discernible from this, that the founders of the Order in the Middle Ages, and even the old-time brothers, have anticipated: that, according to its eternal essence, Masonry was destined for all humanity, and were also to be practiced by all mankind openly. 90) Q. Are the Basic Symbols explained here the complete whole of the Masonic Symbols? A. Among the traditional symbols of the second Craft document I find none that could be considered as basic symbols, other than the ones mentioned above; 171) because all the others genuine traditional Masonic symbols in the same Craft document represent either any of them in a special relationship to the teaching indicated in the basic symbols, or remind of truths that are held as special among those universal truths symbolized through the basic symbols. — Among these lesser teachings (Secondary Symbols) deserve the rank of eminent attention those, which in the general symbolized basic teachings of Freemasonry, particularly apply to each and every Freemason.
|
Urvergeistigung der Grundlehrzeichen 121)(Grundsymbole) der echtüberlieferten
|
« From Initiation to FremasonSpiritualization of the Additional Symbols. »
« Von der Aufnahme zum FreimaurerUrvergeistigung der Nebenlehrzeichen »
« Einführung und Leitfaden zur ÜbersetzungIntroduction and Guide to the Translation »
« Zwekke dieses WerkesPurposes of this Book »
« Inhalt - 1ten Abtheilung des ersten BandesContents - Section 1 - Volume 1 »
« Inhalt - 2ten Abtheilung des ersten BandesContents - Section 2 - Volume 1 »
« Inhalt - 1ten Abtheilung des zweiten BandesContents - Section 1 - Volume 2 »
« Inhalt - 2ten Abtheilung des zweiten BandesContents - Section 2 - Volume 2 »
![]()
![]()